
Printed
33 pages
Polichinelle
This transcript dates back from 1838. Alongside the one offered in the anonymous book Les Grotesques that same year, it is the oldest known text about glove-puppet shows centred around Polichinelle. They were typical of shows staged at the end of the 18th century and during a large part of the 19th century in parks, public gardens and Promenades. Another transcript by Eugénie Foa was published in 1840. In Paris, several glove-puppet booths staged this play on the Champs-Elysées. Nothing is known about Jules Rémond, the author of this transcript.
Its publication follows that of a different Polichinelle, with a two-year gap, published by Olivier and Tannegue de Penhoët in 1836; but the later publication was in fact a literal translation of the English Punch and Judy show transcribed by John Payne Collier (The Tragical Comedy, or Comical Tragedy, of Punch and Judy, 1827-1828) even reusing the famous engravings of George Cruikshank that accompanied it.
Rémond’s Polichinelle is indeed the one that was played in Paris in glove-puppet booths spread along the promenade of the Champs-Elysées. The historian Charles Magnin severely judges this transcript: "In 1838 we tried to fix this artistic and essentially traditional work through print. The idea was good but the carrying-out remained flawed. The text shared with us by M. Jules Rémond is only a framework deprived of all the comical developments that have risen so high the glory of this poetic and crazy production" (Histoire des marionnettes en Europe. Paris: Michel Lévy Frères, 1852, p. 130).
Mathieu Gringoire’s engravings that illustrate the text are awkwardly copied from Cruikshank’s: the details are simplified, the background lightened, the framing transformed, and Polichinelle’s face replaced by Punch’s, but the composition of the panels is strictly identical to those of the famous English carver and is even sometimes mirrored.
The Bibliothèque nationale de France (National Library of France) holds two distinct editions of this small book (in-16), both published by the publisher and bookseller Delarue with no date information. The first edition includes a foreword written by Jules Rémond; in the second edition, the foreword has been replaced by an alphabet book, underlining the wish to appeal to children.
The hero kills everyone he encounters
Polichinelle enters singing. He kills Pierrot who was trying to imitate him. He then kills the child of Mère Gigogne because it would not stop crying, and knocks out Mère Gigogne who was protesting. He kills doctor Bouillon-Pointu who came to offer him a remedy for his bloated stomach, then he kills the Commissaire (Superintendent) who came to arrest him. After another fight against two Gendarmes (Policemen), they both manage to get him under control. Imprisoned, Polichinelle is to be hanged, but he manages to take the place of the Bourreau (Executioner). In his last fight against the Diable (Devil), he manages to defeat him and throws him out of the theatre.
First performance
Publications and translations
Polichinelle, farce en trois actes pour amuser les grands et les petits enfants, publiée par Jules Rémond. Paris: Delarue, libraire-éditeur, s. d.