Gianguir rebelled against his father and was disowned: he lost his right to the throne, which is now promised to his son Cosrovio. Gianguir married Zama, a woman of humble birth who convinced him to marry her daughter Miraca to Cosrovio. Her brother Asaf is the sultan’s favourite. Cosrovio turns down this proposal because he is in love with Alinda (the princess Semira, Gianguir’s sworn enemy); she convinces him to reclaim the throne bequeathed by his grandfather and take up arms against his father. His friend Mahobet, the captain of the guards, tries to remind him of his duty. Cosrovio and Asaf fight before Gianguir’s eyes. To avenge himself after being humiliated, Asaf tells Semira that Cosrovio will marry Miraca; she promises him her love out of jealousy. When ordered to either marry Miraca or to surrender and die, Cosrovio takes up arms: Gianguir finds out about this betrayal and demands that Mahobet’s head be brought to him for having helped his son. Mahobet saves himself by taking Gianguir hostage. He is accused of high treason and Gianguir deprives him of his rank, even though Agra is in danger. The army is handed to Asaf. Semira, using the name Alinda, feigns cooperation: she promises that she will marry Asaf and denounces the enemies of the kingdom to set herself free. Gianguir tells Cosrovio that Alinda is in love with another man. Cosrovio thinks that she has betrayed him, but as soon as Alinda is free, she reveals that Semira will not keep the promises made by Alinda, and that she is Cosrovio’s wife. The two lovers reunite. Semira sends her future husband to the battlefield and Asaf is defeated: when all seems lost for the king, Gianguir arrives—Mahobet has freed him. Zama tries to convince him to forgive his son, and Mahobet says that a rebellion will start if he kills him. At the very last moment, Gianguir chooses to be magnanimous: Semira walks in on the father and son reconciling. She asks to be killed at the same time as her husband, but Gianguir spares them on Zama’s advice. He declares her sultan’s wife and marries Semira and Cosrovio. The choir celebrates this beautiful day.

String marionette

Not specified

Zeno Apostolo

Italy

Venice

Printed

Succession

Rebellion

Forced marriage

Favourite

Tyrant

Heroic

Melodramatic

Epic

Gianguir, 1748 (title page)

Italian

Emperor

Prince

Princess

Wife

Brother

Captain

Confident

Music

Chorus

Play in verse

Love story

Public announcement

Crowd

Duel scene

Love rivalry

Parade

Off-stage combat

Disguised character (false identity)

Fight

Arrest scene

Revelation

Final wedding

Gianguir

At the market, Esopo (Aesop) is sold to a new master: the philosopher Xanto. Xanto’s daughter, Filena, is in love with one of her father’s followers, Periandro: Esopo is bought as a matchmaker. Xanto confides in him: he is in love with his wife’s lady-in-waiting, Geringonça. The latter becomes infatuated with Esopo, who rejects her. During a symposium, Xanto bets that he can empty the sea: Esopo helps him untangle himself from this bet, in exchange for freedom. Esopo, drunk, tells Geringonça that his master loves her; his wife Eurípedes hears this too: upset, she leaves the house. Disguised as another woman, Filena is courted by Periandro: she accuses him of being unfaithful and leaves him. Esopo has been sent to prison. He is freed by Xanto, who thus settles his promise; he now promises to free Esopo on condition that he bring Eurípedes back. While Temístocles (Themistocles) and Cresso are waging war against Athens, one of Jupiter’s eagles lands on Esopo, who becomes commander of the armies. Esopo manages to make Eurípedes so jealous that she decides to go back to her husband. As Cresso’s army is standing outside Athens, Esopo begins to tell a fable about love, punctuated with macaronic Latin. The two couples (Xanto and Eurípedes, Periandro and Filena) reconcile. Esopo, who is in love with Filena, recites a sonnet to her, and makes her write an ambiguous letter intended for him. Called to duty, Esopo triumphs over Temístocles, through betrayal and plays on words. During a night scene, Eurípedes goes to the court where Xanto is meeting Geringonça. Xanto meets his daughter there, waiting for her lover. Eurípedes pretends to be Geringonça, to expose her husband’s infidelity. Esopo is fooled, and Geringonça shouts that she has been robbed. After the defeat of the town has been announced, Esopo dresses as a woman and draws Temístocles’ attention: he has fallen in love with the beautiful young woman. Esopo is imprisoned and Cresso tasks him with building a tower in the air. After another turnaround, the King pardons him and he goes back to Athens, where his fellow citizens make peace with him as he narrates a fable to them.

António José Da Silva (António José da Silva, aka O Judeu)

Portugal

Lisbon

Slave

Philosophy

Love

Unfaithfulness

Enfranchisement

Parodistic

Comical

Burlesque

Philosophical tale

Esopaida, title page and summary of the play (1759)

Portuguese

ou Vida de Esopo

Croesus

King

Xeno

Philosopher

Slave master

Lover (man)

Disciple

Themistocles

General

Daughter

Maid

Aesop

Soldier

Choir

Philosophical dialogue

Thwarted love

Dinner scene

Statue coming to life

Change of social status

Allusion to theatrical events of the time

Metadiscourse on puppet theatre

Macaronic Latin

Oracle

Battlefield scene

Cross-dressing

Esopaida

Aesop’s Life

Ipodamia (Hippodamia), the widow of the Armenian King, begs her daughter Aurinome to choose between her two suitors, Eurimedonte (Eurymedon) and Timocleone (Timoleon), to bring peace to the kingdom. Aurinome puts their love to the test, and they compete using words. Oronte, the general of the army, is secretly in love with Aurinome; Acrone discovers it and tells Ipodamia. The latter is set on stopping him to prevent her daughter from ending up in the hands of an unworthy man, and to spare the kingdom the anger of the princes. During a hunt, Oronte saves Aurinome from the mouth of a lion; he declares his love to her. Aurinome demands that the brave general receive a reward, but Ipodamia and the two suitors downplay his courageous act. Aurinome fell in love with Oronte. She tells the princes to meet her at the altar of the great Jupiter. As she is late, they hesitate over embarking with their respective armies, but Ipodamia convinces them to stay. Aurinome asks Oronte to arrive before her at the temple: he obeys her, and she asks him to choose one of her suitors. Oronte does not know what to answer, and he is interrupted by Acrone. Aurinome promises to choose between her suitors before the entire kingdom. As Eurimedonte and Timocleone, standing by the Avernus, are contemplating suicide, Acrone announces that Oronte will soon be dead. Inside a gorgeous room where royal weddings are celebrated, Aurinome asks the princes to promise that they will respect her choice; at this moment, Oronte arrives, armed: he has been saved by partisans and entrusts his fate to the Princess: she pronounces him husband and King.

Zanetti Girolamo

Suitors

Decisions

Royals

Jealousy

Haughtiness

Wedding

Lyrical

Eurimedonte e Timocleone, Teatro di San Girolamo (1746)

ovvero I Rivali delusi

Queen

Widow

Counselor

Interlude

Hunting scene

Board meeting

Boat mounted on wheels

Scene in the dark

Set that comes to life

Transforming scenery

Eurimedonte e Timocleone

Eurymedon and Timoelon

Monsieur Sapin (Mister Fir Tree) and Monsieur Fagot (Mister Bundle of Sticks) pretend to be philosophers. They convince Polichinelle to do so too. After quarrelling with her husband Polichinelle, Dame Gigogne also decides to become a philosopher. Outside his shop, Polichinelle puts a sign claiming that he is a philosopher. Arlequin and Gille, who want to take revenge on philosophers, assault Polichinelle, but he defeats them. Monsieur Sapin and Polichinelle see Dame Gigogne walk on all fours before giving birth to many children. All the characters sing a vaudeville together and the children dance at the very end of the play.

Cadet de Beaupré (Louis Poinsinet de Sivry, aka Cadet de Beaupré)

France

Passy

Swazzle

Revenge

Deception

Pedant

Woman

Satirical

French

Comédie en un acte

Polichinelle

Gille

Arlecchino

Mother Gigogne

Ballet

Multiplied characters

Childbirth on stage

Comical entrance

Domestic scene

Final song

Les Philosophes de bois

The Wooden philosophers

Satan and the Anges rebelles (Rebel Angels) are trying to go back to heaven, but they are defeated and repelled into the abyss by the Archange Michel (Archangel Michael). The Verbe (Word; God) appears and creates the planets. In the underworld, the Anges rebelles are planning their revenge: they gather riches and have a palace built. Satan finds out that Dieu (God) is going to create l’Homme (Man) and he wants to cause his downfall. He manages to escape Hell and to go to the physical World. In the Terrestrial Paradise, Ève, tempted by Satan posing as a snake, convinces Adam to eat the Fruit from the Tree of knowledge. The two are driven out of Paradise. Carried to a mountain by an Ange (Angel), Adam sees the future in a dream—episodes from the Old Testament, the birth and death of Jesus, the Last Judgment. The last tableau shows the Almighty God on his throne.

Automaton

Josse Pierre-Charles

Paris

Printed summary

Bible

Evil

Revolt

Fall

Creation of the world

Hell

Heaven

Temptation

Religious

L'Origine du monde et la chute du premier homme, 1763 (page 1)

Satan

Devil

Saint Michael

Angel

God (monotheism)

Beelzebub

Architect

Mammon

Death

Time

Dreams

Adam

Gabriel

Pharaoh

Solomon

Nabuchodonosor

Jesus

Allegory

Apparition

Avista

Flying machine

Dream

L'Origine du monde et la chute du premier homme

The Origin of the world of the fall of the first man

Guignol’s landlord – Vautour – complains about financial hardship, as his tenants do not pay the rent. He asks Guignol to settle the previous months of arrears, but Guignol ridicules him extensively and then refuses to pay. Gnafron helps Guignol get rid of Vautour. They both fear that Vautour will have Guignol’s furniture seized, and so they move it all before having a drink together.

Glove-puppet

Mourguet Laurent

Lyon

Rent

Debt

Scatology

Furniture

Farcical

Le Déménagement de Guignol. Lyon: Elardin, 1876 (couverture).

arrangé par Louis Josserand

Guignol

Gnafron

Landlord

Monologue

Dialect as a social marker

Comic distortion of language

Trap

Misunderstanding

Le Déménagement de Guignol

Guignol’s Move

The action is set in China. It begins inside a cave, where the genie Zelou has been turned into the Mostro Turchino (Blue Monster) after having offended the Wise Men of the Sacred Mountain. Zelou will only be freed if he passes this curse to someone else. He unleashes a storm on the lovers Taer and Dardanè and thus separates them. The young girl, Dardanè, is turned into a young man named Acmed; Zelou reveals that she will have to defeat three plagues which are ruining the kingdom of Nanquin if she wants to reunite with her lover Taer: the Mostro Turchino, the Cavaliere Fatato (Enchanted Knight) and an Idra (seven-headed Hydra). These three plagues appeared in the kingdom when the king Fanfur remarried with the beautiful slave Gulindì. Dardanè, looking like the prince Acmed, arouses Gulindì’s love; when she is rejected, the latter forces Dardanè to defeat the plagues. Then, Zelou meets Taer and tells him about Dardanè / Acmed’s fate and about the threats that loom over the kingdom. He invites Taer to enter the cave to read a book which relates his misadventures; then, Zelou summons the Wise Men and passes the Mostro’s appearance onto Taer. Thanks to the Mostro Turchino / Taer’s valuable advice, Dardanè / Acmed defeats the plagues. The Mostro Turchino lets himself be chained, without struggling; the Cavaliere is overcome and, when Dardanè kills the Idra, she also kills Gulindì. Just before she dies, the latter accuses Dardanè / Acmed of having poisoned her. Dardanè / Acmed is sent to jail with the Mostro Turchino. When she is about to be taken to be put to death, the Mostro Turchino reveals the young woman’s true identity, thus breaking the spell which was keeping her in a male body. The Mostro must die, since he has not managed to make Dardanè fall in love with his grotesque appearance; however, just before it is too late, she declares her love to him and the spell which bound Taer to the Mostro’s body is also broken.

Milan

Manuscript

Monster

Magic

Change of identity

Change of gender

Test

Scourge

Fantasy

Il Mostro Turchino, Teatro delle marionette di Giuseppe Fiando, 1815 (cover page)

ossia un esempio di vera fedeltà

Il Mostro Turchino

The Blue Monster

Gianguir

Esopaida

ou Vida de Esopo

Eurimedonte e Timocleone

ovvero I Rivali delusi

Les Philosophes de bois

Comédie en un acte

L'Origine du monde et la chute du premier homme

Le Déménagement de Guignol

arrangé par Louis Josserand

Il Mostro Turchino

ossia un esempio di vera fedeltà

Drame du Polichinelle français

écrit sous sa dictée aux Champs-Élysées

Polichinelle

Polichinelle