Arlequin-Deucalion is the only survivor of the Flood ordered by the gods. Taking refuge on Parnassus, he hears the voice of a parrot and meets the Muses Thalia and Melpomene, Apollo and his wife Pyrrha, who have all become mute. He tries to ride Pegasus, but fails. Out of a barrel, he pulls several papers, a pair of pistols, and then Momus in the form of a Polichinelle puppet who is the only one allowed talking to him. Polichinelle-Momus explains to Arlequin-Deucalion how to repopulate the earth, and then asks him to throw him into the sea. Arlequin-Deucalion and Pyrrha make 5 men and 4 women appear.

Glove-puppet

Not specified

Piron Alexis

France

Paris

Printed

Flood

Greek mythology

Comical

French

Arlecchino

Deucalion

Thalie

Melpomene

Apollo

Momus

Polichinelle

Pegasus

Child

Sylph

Love

Grâce

Speechless character

Catastrophe

Oracle

Swazzle

Monologue

Arlequin-Deucalion

The show is divided into two parts. In the first part, Joseph and Mary arrive at Tirisiti's inn, who refuses to give them shelter. This is followed by the traditional episodes of the angel’s appearance, the nativity, the adoration of the shepherds and the Magi. During the flight to Egypt, the Holy Family finds refuge under a palm tree which conceals them from the eyes of their pursuers. The Captain of the soldiers interrogates the farmers who tell him that they saw the fugitives passing by while they were sowing. At that moment, the wheat sprouts miraculously, confusing the soldiers who give up the pursuit. The tree opens its palms and reveals the Holy Family who continue on their way.
The second part, the one with secular action, is divided in six scenes with situations and characters from Alcoy. The Night watchman announces the time and wakes up the characters one after the other. Tirisiti comically presents the local community on its way to mass. An old man argues with the altar boy who holds the church door. Tirisiti sends his wife Tereseta to mass, who exchanges a kiss with the sacristan, but the crowd warns her husband about it. The community leaves the church at the end of the mass, while Tirisiti is repeating his comments. A bull appears and threatens Tirisiti. The famous bullfighter Clásico makes some bullfighting passes in front of Tirisiti who boasts that he can do better than him. A chase begins between the bull and Tirisiti. The bells ring, announcing the march of Moors and Christians who come forward, as in the traditional Alcoy festival. The city's patron saint, Saint Jordi, appears on top of the castle. Tirisiti decides to leave the city, packs his bags and leaves for the Moon in a hot-air balloon. But the hot-air balloon bursts and Tirisiti falls with it.

All audiences

Pepe Esteve el Betlemero (Josep Esteve, aka el Betlemero)

Spain

Alcoy

Crib

Custom

Nativity

Folklore

Popular theatre

Spanish bullfighting

Party

Gas balloon

Mass (liturgy)

Daily life

Comments

Bullfighting

Christmas

Visitation Festival

Satirical

Religious

Didactic

Catalan

Innkeeper

Virgin Mary

Melchior

Wise Men (Biblical Magi)

Shepherd

Soldier

Night watchman

Grand-father

Sacristan

Bullfighter

Bull

Saint George

Moorish

Joseph

Jesus

Angel

Caspar

Balthazar

Captain

Choirboy

Christian

Ploughman

Narrator

Address to the public

Dialogue with the audience

Fight with an animal

Chase

Christmas carol

Instrumental tune

Apparition

Improvised dialogue

Current affairs

El Betlem de Tirisiti

La crèche de Tirisiti

After singing and dancing, Pulcinella goes under Teresina’s balcony and calls to her. The building’s watchman arrives and asks Pulcinella what he is doing. The watchman, who is Teresina’s father, demands that Pulcinella speak with her. Teresina arrives and Pulcinella tells her that he wants to marry her. She agrees, on condition that he gets permission from her brother Nicola, who is very suspicious and jealous. Nicola rejects Pulcinella’s request as he doesn’t want his sister to marry such an ugly, unpleasant and weird man. The pair fight with sticks and Pulcinella kills Nicola. The story continues like any classic guarattelle show with other scenes where Pulcinella faces Death or is arrested and sentenced to hang.

Marotte

Zampella Nunzio

Italy

Naples

Printed summary

Wedding prevented

Jealous brother

Engagement

Nunzio Zampella's puppet booth with his Pulcinella and his Teresina

Neapolitan

Pulcinella

Guardian

Father

Teresina

Brother

Thug

Song

Dance

Blow-with-a-stick

Syntactic parallelism

National language as a social marker

Il fidanzamento di Pulcinella

Pulcinella's Engagement

Pulcinella plays a serenade for Teresina, but a dog intimidates him. Pulcinella tries to coax him, but the dog bites him. He calls for help. The dog’s master arrives, makes fun of Pulcinella and helps him free himself from the jaw of the dog. The master asks Pulcinella to pay him and they both begin to fight by striking each other with sticks. Pulcinella kills the dog’s master. A monk asks Pulcinella what he is doing; Pulcinella replies that he is taking a dead man to the cemetery. The monk wants to help Pulcinella bury the corpse, but he hits himself against the booth and dies. Pulcinella carries the two dead bodies and screams “o sapunaaar!” like a ragman in the street.

Death

Ragman

Burial

Extortion

Pulcinella e il cane

Sculptor monk

Lazzi

Misunderstanding

Echoing lines

Il cane

The dog

Pulcinella appears on stage. He cannot find the audience, as he is facing away from them. After a short skit in which the puppeteer explains to him that the audience is on the other side, Pulcinella introduces the performance and warns the audience: “Si vulit’ capì, v’avita vutà” (If you want to understand, you have to turn around). The play starts. Pulcinella talks with his stomach, which tells him through gurglings that it is hungry. A hen comes. Pulcinella kills it, plucks it, and eats it. Then, his stomach lets him know that it is content and wants to sleep. Pulcinella is awakened by a dog that came to eat him, because he has eaten the hen of the dog’s owner. Pulcinella knocks the animal out with a stick. The owner of the dog and the hen, a peasant, comes to get Pulcinella. Pulcinella introduces himself as the owner of the trousers ripped by the dog, and demands to be reimbursed. They settle accounts by beating each other with a stick until Pulcinella kills the peasant. Pulcinella puts the corpse in a casket, and when Death comes to get it and frighten Pulcinella, Pulcinella chases Death away by beating him with the casket. After several lazzi and puns, a carabinier arrests Pulcinella. We then see Pulcinella’s trial. The judge, also playing the prosecution and the defence lawyer, accuses Pulcinella of having murdered the dog’s owner, the dog, the hen, and, above all, of having eaten the hen. For those crimes, Pulcinella is sentenced to death. A monk hears his confession, and blesses him with a macaronic Latin spell which evokes a series of dishes. Pulcinella has to be hanged, but he cannot put his head in the slipknot. He asks the hangman to show him how to do it, and hangs him in his stead.

Leone Bruno

Manuscript

Hunger

Thief

Justice

Coffin

Parodistic

Puppeteer

Stomach

Dog owner

Carabiniere

Judge

Prosecutor

Defender

Executioner

Dialog between a puppet and its puppeteer

Sleeping character

Talking animal

Murder on stage

Arrest scene

Word warping

Word for another

Parodic trial

Hanging scene

Le mie prime guarattelle

My first guarattelle

Before beginning the show, the puppeteer asks the audience to remain silent, “to listen, to understand, to whistle, to make pernacchi” (mocking sounds made with the mouth which Pulcinella will accept as though they were applauses). Pulcinella arrives on stage and dances with his fiancée Teresina. Then he goes under her balcony to sing a serenade. Teresina’s father arrives and asks Pulcinella for explanations. When he learns that Teresina is Pulcinella’s fiancée, the father goes fetch his daughter so that Pulcinella can speak to her. Pulcinella tells Teresina that he wants to marry her. She agrees on condition that he asks for her brother’s approval to marry her. Nicola – her brother – is very suspicious and jealous. Nicola refuses, as he does not wish for her sister to marry such an ugly, unpleasant and odd man. They both fight by striking each other with a stick and Pulcinella kills Nicola. He takes the dead man to the cemetery, into a coffin. Here, Death plays tricks on him. Then, He (Death) strikes Pulcinella with a stick and they both fight. But in the middle of the fight, a guappo (gangster) comes on, replaces Death and receives a stroke of Pulcinella’s cane. They begin to fight each other and Pulcinella kills him. He carries the dead on his shoulders and shouts like a ragman: “o sapunaar! Rat’m’ e vestit’ san’, v’ ronc’ e piatt’ scassat’!” (ragman! Give me all your nice clothes and I’ll give you broken dishes”). Pulcinella, now free, goes prepare the papers for his marriage and dances with Teresina.

Dramatic

Nursery rhyme

Rhythmical parallelism

Il fidanzamento di Pulcinella e La Morte

Pulcinella's engagement, followed by the Death

After performing a traditional guarattelle show, the puppeteer and his Pulcinella think they won’t have anything to eat as the audience left without paying. They both decide to leave Naples for France. When they arrive at court, the King carefully examines Pulcinella with a magnifying glass, and finds him too poor, so drives him away. Pulcinella beats the King with a stick and the guards come to arrest him. The puppet escapes from the puppet booth with the Puppeteer, who explains that if the puppet wants to eat, he must “change his face”.
The Puppeteer then turns Pulcinella into Polichinelle, giving him new, luxurious clothes decorated with ribbons and little bells, two bumps (one on the belly and the other on the back) and a white mask to hide his black half-mask. Thus transformed, Pulcinella moves and speaks far more slowly, but his new lazzi with a cock amuse the King greatly. The puppet and the Puppeteer are able to eat a big plate of pasta in front of the puppet booth and go to sleep with a full belly. Woken by the Marseillaise, they enter the puppet booth, believing a party is going on. On stage, in front of a guillotine, Robespierre and Danton debate whether the King should be tried. After cutting off the heads of Danton and the King, Robespierre also wants to kill Polichinelle, who is friends with the King. First, he cuts off one bump, and then the other, and finally the white mask. Polichinelle, who has now gone back to being “Pulcinella the revolutionary”, cuts off Robespierre’s head and then, like Napoleon Bonparte, proclaims himself emperor and uses a stick to beat, one after the other, the emperor of Austria and the Pope who has come to crown him. He shows his emperor’s crown to the Puppeteer: it means he’ll be able to eat for 200 years. The Puppeteer comes out of the booth for a last monologue at the end of which he dons the black half-mask and proclaims himself to be Pulcinella.

Quest

Poverty

Wealth

Revolution

Marseillaise

Plurilingualism

Capital executions and executors

French Revolution

Guillotine

People and history

Emperor

Farcical

Louis XVI

King

Minister

Guard

Danton

Maximilien de Robespierre

François I d'Autriche

Pie VII

Dialect as a social marker

Building a puppet on sight

Disguised character (false identity)

Beheading

Destruction of a puppet

Pulcinella et la Révolution française

Pulcinella and the French Revolution

Pulcinella sings songs from Mozart’s Don Giovanni. The intrigued Teresina would like to see this show, but Pulcinella deters her by saying that it is not appropriate for women. Then the two puppets disappear, and the Puppeteer comes out of his booth to announce the staging of a new show and the destruction of his old theatre. He goes back inside the booth. The guarattelle puppets sing the story of a traditional show: the Dog, a Guappo (a gangster) and Death assault Pulcinella, who drives them away so that he can finally marry his fiancée Teresina. Don Giovanni comes on and invites Pulcinella to his marriage with Teresina. Pulcinella asks the Puppeteer for help, but he refuses to get rid of Don Giovanni; instead, he encourages Pulcinella to find another fiancée. Don Giovani sings and dances with several women whom he seduces – a butterfly, a fan, a feather duster and a mouse. Then the women come back crying because Don Giovanni has abandoned them. Then Don Giovanni seduces Teresina. All the characters played by guarattelle arrive to invite Pulcinella to Teresina and Don Giovanni’s marriage. Pulcinella is overcome with sadness and asks every one of them to kill him. The Dog takes his hat off, the Guappo strikes him with a cane, Death removes his black mask and, at the end, the Puppeteer finds the lifeless puppet. But he rejoices, because he will soon serve Don Giovanni and become rich. The Puppeteer waits on the booth’s stage for the feast for Don Giovanni and Teresina’s marriage to be served. But he will only have an olive and a drop a wine. He announces the end of the show, when Pulcinella comes back. Because Don Giovanni will not repent, Pulcinella kills him by removing his head and his clothes and hitting the puppeteer’s hand. As a result, he reunites with Teresina, who tells him that Don Giovanni is impotent. They both dance a last tarentella. At the end, a giant puppet of Pulcinella comes on.

Rod puppet

Seducer

Treason

Wedding

Illustration for Bruno Leone's Convitato di Pezza

Italian

Rogue

Don Juan

Aria

Undressed character on stage

Death on stage

Music

Sung scenes

Il convitato di pezza

The feast of rags

On a beach by the Tyrrhenian Sea, a woman invokes the devil Serpentone. She wants to ask him to make her invincible and immortal so she can return to her village and take revenge on her compatriots who drove her out, calling her an old witch. The devil arrives, preceded by his deep, dark voice. He is ready to grant her immortality in exchange for something big, something you can see and touch. As the woman has nothing to hand, Serpentone gives her until midnight to find an offering before disappearing into the flames. The woman then prepares a potion in a big pot. Pulcinella, famished, passes by and plunges his head into the pot to eat the soup, but when he stands up again, he discovers he has a big donkey's head. Having effected the transformation, the woman gives the donkey to the devil who takes it to hell where he intends to kill it and make a drum out of its skin. But in trying to kill the animal, the devil frees Pulcinella from the spell. Pulcinella fights with the devil, kills him and escapes from hell to settle scores with the woman who turned him into a donkey. She is about to drink the wine the devil gave her to make her invincible. Realizing Pulcinella wants to kill her, she puts the blame on the audience: she turned Pulcinella into a donkey because the audience asked her to. The "cynical and ruthless" audience responds, saying the accusations are false and the woman is wicked. The audience, thus involved in the performance, finds itself acting out the scene recounted by the woman at the beginning of the show, where her compatriots insult her and drive her out. Pulcinella beats the witch to death with a broom, to much applause from the audience. The moral is that people who are different will always be hunted down without mercy.

Castellammare di Stabia

Pulcinella e l'asino del diavolo

Pulcinella et l'âne du diable