The shepherd Mitridate took Elcino in and raised him as the brother of his daughter Erenia. Erenia’s love for Arsace, Artemio’s son, and the love of Sandane, Artemio’s daughter, for Elcino are disrupted by the hatred opposing their families. Mitridate tells Erenia that, years before, the King Astiage (Astyages) entrusted Arpago with getting rid of his grandson Ciro (Cyrus) because of a dream. Alone, Erenia remembers that her mother gave birth to a stillborn child, and that his father substituted Elcino for him, caring for him as for his own son. Owing to their love for their respective sisters, Arsace and Elcino reconcile. At the palace, Astiage, suspecting Arpago of not having fulfilled his task, pretends to feel remorse and to wish that Ciro could come back to life. Arpago, Mitridate and Erenia rejoice at this change of heart, and decide to present Elcino to the king: they organise a sacrifice during which Astiage feels drawn to Elcino. To warn him against the tyrant, Mitridate tells Elcino the story of Ciro: the young man decides to take revenge on behalf of the child. When Sandane walks in on him, she confesses her love to him. The act ends with a dance of temple guards. In the forest, Astiage rushes to Erenia’s rescue, as she is being chased by a wild beast. To take revenge for Elcino’s severity toward Arsace, she tells him that the young man is not her brother, and she promises to bring him the baby blanket with which he was found. Elcino, who came back to his flocks, has grand dreams. He is invited to eat with the king, and Arpago tells him that Ciro is alive. Seeing the baby blanket, Astiage understands who Elcino is, and he appeals to the goddesses for revenge. To avenge himself of Arpago’s poor services, the tyrant has him drink a cup filled with his son’s blood; he also sends Elcino to prison. The sky darkens, the sea becomes turbulent, and furies come out of clouds and begin to dance. Sandane worries about her lover’s fate. When she sees him in chains, they exchange vows quickly before Elcino is taken back to his dungeon. Erenia, overcome with guilt, tells Sandane about Ciro’s identity, and she declares her Queen. Astiage declares his love to Sandane: she rejects him and asks to die by her husband’s side, which sparks Astiage’s jealousy. The tyrant decides to set Ciro on fire before his wife’s eyes; but the guards have stopped obeying him. In the meantime, Arsace and Arpago have freed Elcino, who is now arriving with the conspirators. He learns about his true identity from Sandane, and takes the tyrant’s place. Erenia confesses to her father that she betrayed him and revealed Ciro’s identity to the King: he forgives her, because she allowed for fates to be accomplished. The play ends with Ciro’s accession: he ascends the throne accompanied by Sandane.

Not specified

Ottoboni Pietro

Italy

Rome

Printed

Tyrant

Child abandonment

Conjuration

Magnanimity

Prophetic dream

Anthropophagy

Edifying

Heroic

Pastoral

Pietro Ottoboni, Il Ciro, 1712 (title page)

Italian

King

Captain

Father

Shepherd

Young woman

Prince

Sister

Music

Chorus

Interlude

Expository scene

Account of a dream

Disguised character (false identity)

Invisible force

Hunting scene

Board meeting

Monologue

Procession

Apparition of demons

Destruction of set elements

Thunderbolt

Release of a prisoner

Scene in the dark

Love rivalry

Scene of recognition

Change of social status

Clouds

Flying machine

Final wedding

Il Ciro

Cyrus

The enchanter Merlin captured Marie – the young woman loved by the painter Arthur. To free her, Arthur and his valet Guignol go through many adventures. Merlin comes into Arthur’s workshop so that he draws his portrait. Guignol also tries to paint Merlin’s portrait, but he fights with the painting, which keeps transforming because of the enchanter’s spells. Arthur then visits Merlin thanks to a gift from Marie’s godmother – the Fée Merveilleuse (Marvellous Fairy): a talisman that makes him invisible. Only Marie can see him. She advises him to go to the Sorcière’s hut (the Witch’s hut), which he does with Guignol. At the Sorcière’s hut, they meet the madman Richepance – her assistant. The Sorcière welcomes Arthur while Guignol is mistreated for a long time by the furniture of the house which keeps playing with him. Arthur and Guignol can finally save Marie. But she is under a spell by Merlin that makes her look very old. Arthur still wishes to free and marry her, but Marie believes that it would be too great a sacrifice for him to marry an old woman. Merlin is jubilant at the sight of the torn couple. The Fée Merveilleuse is moved by Arthur’s devotion. She sets Marie free from the spell and restores her true appearance. The lovers can finally marry, and Merlin is defeated.

Glove-puppet

All audiences

France

Saint-Étienne

Manuscript

Love

Magic

Valet

Kidnapping

Test

Portrait

Fantasy

Comical

La Case de la sorcière (cover page)

French

Guignol

Magician

Merlin

Fairy

Situation comedy

Word warping

Apparition of a wizard

Magic spell

Set that comes to life

Slaps

Change of age

La Case de la sorcière

The witch's Hut

On an island ruled by a Reine (Queen) whom no one ever sees because she lives secluded in a tower, two sisters, Ygraine et Bellangère, welcome their little brother Tintagiles. The three of them are the Reine’s grandchildren. Since she kills everyone who threatens her influence, the sisters and the old tutor Aglovale try to protect Tintagiles, who is slowly dying. When he is locked in the tower, he asks Ygraine to help him escape the room; this is in vain, as the Reine kills him there.

Maeterlinck Maurice

Belgium

Ghent

Paris

Threat

Illness

Death

Mysterious power

Invisible enemy

Spying on

Murder

Detention

Tower

Dramatic

Fantastic

Tragic

Auguste Donnay, lithography for the edition of Théâtre de Maurice Maeterlinck (Bruxelles: Demand, 1902).