Aurélia and Eularia’s guardian, Scaramouche, has imprisoned them because he would like to get hold of their belongings and marry Eularia. Cinthio and Octave, with the help of Arlequin and Trivellin, set up a series of ploys to see the two girls. One of those ploys consists in a curiosité show. They pressure Scaramouche into forsaking his ambitions. The third act is set at the Foire Saint-Germain. There, Arlequin disguises himself as the puppeteer Brioché and performs several magic tricks.

Not specified

France

Paris

Printed summary

Animated object

Tutor

Wedding

Fair

Chimney sweep

Enema

Magic tricks

Toothpulling

Infant

Comical

French

Il regalo delle dame

Scaramouche

Cintio

Arlecchino

Octavian

Trivelin

Brioché

Moor

Blind

Marquis

Tooth Puller

Mask (masked type)

Judge

Chimney sweeper

Metamorphosis

Theatre within the theatre

Magic act

Disguise

Imbroglio

Misunderstanding

Lazzi

Word for another

Le Régal des dames

The ladies' Treat

In order to help his mater Octavio marry Isabelle (Cintio’s daughter), Mezetin becomes Cintio’s servant. Cintio and the Doctor are looking for the Philosopher’s Stone. Arlequin and Mezetin dress as chimney sweeps and make the story of La Belle Maguelone into a puppet show, during which they give Octavio’s letter to Isabelle. Arlequin cross-dresses as a viscountess and fails to convince a marquis and the Doctor to share their secrets. Octavio proposes to Isabelle, but Cintio forbids their union. Quacks show up to an assembly called by the Doctor, and they are driven out by Polichinel. The quacks boast about their inventions, but they run away when they see Mezetin and Pierrot, who are respectively dressed as a Commissaire (commissioner) and a Clerc (clerk). The Commissaire tells Cintio that Isabelle has been abducted. Octavio comes forward to save her. When Isabelle comes back, Cintio still forbids their marriage. But Octavio threatens to report him for having invited counterfeiters. Everyone goes watch Mars and Apollon’s fight on the Place des Victoires (Victory square). Cintio finally accepts Octavio as his son-in-law.

Printed

Alchemy

Philosopher's stone

False Scientist

Science

Invention

Fake kidnapping

Forger

Rivalry of theatres

Satirical

Arlequin holding the curiosité. Frontispiece of Les Souffleurs, 1694.

ou la Pierre philosophale d'Arlequin

Il Dottore (Commedia dell'arte)

Isabelle

Marinette

Octavio

Mezetin

Pierrot

Vicomtess

Seneschal

Colombine

Pasquariello

Polichinelle

Knight

Police Superintendant

Clerk

Goldsmith

Mars

Victoria

Warrior

Apollo

Themis

Minerva

Arts

Letter

Cross-dressing

Jack of all trades

Allegory

Pantomime

Puppet theatre within the theatre

Storyteller

Les Souffleurs

The Alchemists

The Spanish grandee Don Marcello has two daughters: one is well-behaved (Eleonore), while the other is always uncooperative (Mariane). Mariane is in love with Count Alfonso, who killed his only brother in a sword fight. Mariane is to be sent to a monastery, but she asks her lover to run away with her. The count’s servant Casper steals the chimney sweep’s ladder and makes preparations for their escape. Egidio – a pious man – tries to stop them from fleeing, and he convinces Don Alfonso to give up on his venture. In the end, Egidio himself runs off with Mariane, who he is secretly in love with. They both join a group of thieves. Egidio kills their leader and replaces him. While Don Marcello is traveling with his other daughter, Eleonore, he is taken prisoner by Mariane, who hides behind a mask. Her father has not recognised her, and she obtains his blessing and forgiveness for having wronged him. When she meets Don Alfonso in the forest, she finds out that he did not betray her, and that he still loves her. She gives him a ring which he must give to Don Marcello, while telling him that his beloved is forever lost and that he, his father, will never see her again either. Mariane forces Casper to sell her as a slave to her father. When he arrives on Don Marcello’s grounds, Don Alfonso gives him the ring. As a consequence, Don Marcello believes that Don Alfonso plotted Mariane’s abduction, before abandoning her. Then Casper appears, disguised as a slave trader. Don Marcello wants to do a good deed by buying back the freedom of the slave he is selling. But Casper reveals that she is a thief. Then Mariane, disguised as a slave, goes as far as pretending that she is Mariane’s assassin. But her father recognises her and forgives her; her fiancé does the same. Egidio appears and confesses to what he has done. He is also forgiven. Mariane and Don Marcello are given permission to marry, and Egidio marries Eleonore. As for Casper, he eventually marries the chamber maid Charlotte, but only when she proposes to him – because this has become the established practice.

String marionette

Germany

Crottendorf

Manuscript

Robber

Emancipation

Kidnapping

Women's condition

Father

Hypocrisy

Slavery

Nobility

Spain

Dramatic

Theaterzettel, Heinrich Rau, Eppendorf in Sachsen, before 1875

German

Der weibliche Straßenräuber

Noble

Count

Kasperl

Servant

Chambermaid

Final wedding

Monologue

Disguised character (false identity)

Mariane

In Cassara, the Roman emperor Diocletiano wishes to kill all Christians. However, a Christian woman – Dorothea – lives in his court, and her father was promised protection by the emperor. The emperor’s most prominent warlords are Duosar and Theophil. Duosar is in love with Dorothea, while Theophil wishes to execute her for being a Christian. The ambitious Theophil feels looked down on by the emperor, who he thinks prefers Duosar, and he looks for a way to get rid of his young rival. When Hano the Moor tells him about Duosar’s scheme, Theopil believes that he is close to achieving his goal. Duosar means to save Dorothea and to join the Christian army. But the emperor does not want to let his favourite major go, and he considers another solution: if Theophil’s daughter, Antafolia, could convert Dorothea, the emperor would marry Antafolia, and Duosar would marry Dorothea. But after talking with Dorothea, Antafolia knocks down the statue of Jupiter, converts to Christianity and is killed by her own father. Duosar obtains Dorothea’s pardon from the emperor, but he is too late to prevent her execution. He then stabs himself to death. When it turns out that the Moor is the devil, Theophil calls for help and is rescued by a heavenly apparition. He is unstrung and converts. The high priest follows his example and adopts the Christian faith too, so do all the priests. Only the emperor still believes in his gods and begs them to send him a sign. When the execution room collapses, Diocletiano is disillusioned and kills himself using his own sword.

Miracle

Christianity

Paganism

Martyrdom

Ancient history

Saints

Conversion

Religious

Theaterzettel von Carl Eberle, Breslau, 21.11.1834

Das Opferfest oder die Zerstörung von Cassara,
Das unterbrochene Opferfest,
Die Zerstörung von Cassara,
Diocletiano oder Das Braminen-Fest,
Das Braminen-Fest oder die Zerstörung von Cassara

Diocletian

Commanding officer

Martyr

Moorish

Devil

Priest

Angel

Asmodeus

Apparition of the Devil

Apparition of an angel

Beheading

Murder on stage

Suicide on stage

Fire

Thunderbolt

Glory

Die Enthauptung der Heiligen Dorothea

The beheading of Saint Dorothy

Polichinelle’s wife has just died, and he asks his Compère (Companion) if he would like to marry him. The Compère refuses and suggests that Polichinelle buy a girl from Bonhomme Tatepoule – someone who sells girls for a living. Compère blindfolds Polichinelle so that he plays blind man’ buff and chooses a girl this way. Instead, Polichinelle catches a butterfly. A demon comes, dressed as a bundle of sticks, and Polichinelle grabs him. When he recovers his sight, Polichinelle gives up on his plan to remarry. Men and women peasants dance at the end of the play.

Rod and string marionette

Prospecting

Trade

Trap

Farcical

The Interpreter

Butterfly

Peasant (man)

Peasant (female)

Blind character

Ballet

Dialogue with a character in the audience

Polichinelle colin-maillard

Polichinelle playing blind man's buff

Dom Gilvaz and Dom Fuas become enamoured with Dona Clóris and Dona Nise, the two nieces of the miser Dom Lanserote; Semicúpio, Dom Gilvaz’s servant, falls in love with their maid Sevadilha. Dona Nise gives her suitor a sprig of marjoram, Dona Clóris gives hers a sprig of rosemary and Sevadilha gifts hers a daisy; they encourage them to make these symbols triumph. The old Fagundes, Dom Lanserote’s maid, agrees to help the lovers. She reveals that one of the young women is promised to the foolish Dom Tibúrcio, and that the other will be sent to a convent. While Dom Tibúrcio is wooing Sevadilha, Semicúpio sneaks into the house; he is carrying a bundle of rosemary for Dom Gilvaz. When he faints, Fagundes sprays water on him and then leaves him with Sevadilha. The two servants bond; this ingenious couple will drive the action of the play. Dom Gilvaz catches Dom Fuas as he is climbing a ladder to break into the house: everyone enters the house and the two rivals, envying each other, engage in dialogues with their beloved. Dom Lanserote stops these outpourings. To escape this bad situation, Semicúpio claims that there is a fire and breaks down the door: the two lords, cornered, pretend to have come to put out the fire. Dom Fuas hides in a trunk to get into the house; he is carried by Semicúpio, who then hides his master Dom Gilvaz in it. While Dom Tibúrcio is courting Sevadilha, Dom Lanserote urges him to choose which of his nieces he will marry. They sit on the trunk. When it is knocked down, the candle goes out: the women arrive on stage for a night scene filled with much confusion. Dom Tibúrcio and Dom Lanserote want to open the trunk, but Dona Nise chases them away by talking about a ghost. Dom Gilvaz thanks Dona Nise, which arouses Dom Fuas’s jealousy. Then Dom Fuas speaks with Dona Clóris, arousing Dom Gilvaz’s jealousy. Semicúpio falls into the trunk. Dom Lanserote and Dom Tibúrcio arrive with light: they open the trunk, out of which comes Semicúpio; as he flees, he blows out the candle and shoves the other characters, who all believe that they are being pushed by their respective companion. The wedding is temporarily cancelled after this quarrel. Dom Gilvaz is waiting for Dona Clóris. He asks Dona Nise to hide him, but Dom Fuas and Dona Clóris find him: they both believe that their lovers have betrayed them. Dom Lanserote has reconciled with his nephew; he summons his nieces and, once again, asks Dom Tibúrcio to choose between them. Dom Fuas, Dom Gilvaz and Semicúpio, dressed as women, accuse Dom Tibúrcio of polygamy: he is forced to leave. In his misfortune, Dom Tibúrcio requires medical care: Dom Fuas, Dom Gilvaz and Semicúpio, dressed as doctors, tell him that he is pregnant; they also prescribe natural remedies to their beloved—marjoram, rosemary and daisy. Dom Gilvaz and his servant break into the garden using a rope. Dom Lanserote is there; he catches Semicúpio and locks him inside the henhouse. By mistake, Dom Fuas sits by the marjoram, and Dom Gilvaz by the rosemary: their lovers come to water the plants and find them: this is the beginning of another fit of jealousy from Dom Fuas and Dona Clóris. Dom Lansarote arrives: the lovers hide in the henhouse, as does Dom Tibúrcio. A judicial officer—Semicúpio in disguise—is with Dom Lanserote: he asks the hiding man to come out of the henhouse and arrests all the lords who walk out of it. In a parodical trial, Semicúpio finds the young women guilty of theft for having stolen the heart of the two lords, and sentences them to marriage; he requests that the costs be covered by Dom Lansarote and Dom Tibúrcio. The weddings put an end to the quarrel between rosemary and marjoram.

António José Da Silva (António José da Silva, aka O Judeu)

Portugal

Lisbon

Love

Rivalry in love

Suitors

Deception

Medicine

Justice

Lyrical

António José da Silva, Guerras do Alecrim e Mangerona (1759)

Portuguese

Lord

Legal guardian

Niece

Maid

Old woman

Music

Love duet

Love story

Seduction scene

Love rivalry

Fainting

Hidden character

Running away

Punching

Night scene

Macaronic Latin

Arrest scene

Confinement

Court scene

Guerras do Alecrim e Mangerona

Wars of the Rosemary and of the Marjoram

Leander is in love with Leontine, the daughter of the rich Gebhard. Leander’s footman, Hanswurst, is in love with the maid, Katharinchen. Old Gebhard spends his time reading two books from the "Das Reich der Todten" (The Empire of the Dead) series, which collects imaginary conversations between dead people. He is against his daughter’s wedding. Leander only has a chance at marrying her if he learns the books by heart. The lovers decide to give a sleeping pill to Gebhard, to take him to the garden, and to make him believe that he died. They dress up to stage the chaos happening in The Empire of the Dead. Leontine, Leander, Katharinchen, and Hanswurst go to meet the old man one by one. They explain to him that they too died and that it was his fault. Gebhard thus ends up giving his consent for the wedding. Ernst, a cereal merchant from whom Leander sought advice, enters the stage to expose the trickery to Gebhard, who learns that none of them is dead.

Hofmann Anton

Augsburg

Hell

Death

Reading

Illusion

Wedding prevented

Dialogue of the dead

Poster from Joseph Peter Seelig, Augsburg, circa 1820 (Stephan Oettermann: Ankündigungs-Zettel von Kunstreitern, Akrobaten, Tänzern, Taschenspielern, Feuerwerkern, Luftballons und dergleichen, Wiesbaden 1993, no. 1683)

Die bestrafte Einbildung, oder: Das Reich der Todten mitten im Reich, der Lebendigen

Rentier

Das Reich der Todten

The Empire of the Dead